@article{11c5b77615fe4629a419b64bb0e5a140,
title = "Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) Methodology for Monolefin Analysis: Application to Aquaprocessing-Upgraded Bitumen",
abstract = "Olefins are problematic components of petroleum products responsible for gum formation, polymers, and solid deposition in oil facilities. This work presents a methodology developed for monolefin analysis of whole oils, diluted bitumen, and partially upgraded heavy oils. A proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) technique calibrated with naphtha fractions of known monolefin contents is proposed. Internal standard addition (IS, dioxane) makes the method independent of the sample C/H atomic ratios (i.e., paraffin/aromatic hydrocarbon ratios). The developed method was applied for monolefin determination of partially upgraded whole bitumen processed under mild catalytic steam cracking (CSC) conditions and is also identified as aquaprocessing (AQP). Large viscosity reductions for AQP-upgraded products (up to 99%) were determined with associated monolefin contents <1.2 wt %.",
author = "Ortega, {Lante C} and Sebakhy, {Khaled O} and Marianna Trujillo and Pedro Pereira-Almao",
note = "Funding Information: Funding from NSERC/NEXEN/AIEES Industrial Research Chair in Catalysis for Bitumen Upgrading (2010–2015), the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Institute for Sustainable Energy, Environment and Economy (ISEE), and the Schulich School of Engineering is acknowledged. Cenovus Energy supported the development of CSC catalysts and process schematics using catalysts selected from the third CSC family. Dr. Gerardo Vitale is acknowledged for providing the catalysts tested in the present research. Eng. Luis A. Coy is acknowledged for running the bench pilot tests. Ms. Jody Clarks (Selerity Inc.) is acknowledged for helpful suggestions about the operation of the SFC 4000 chromatograph. Special thanks to the ENTEG institute for the fruitful comments and enhancing the submitted work. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 American Chemical Society.",
year = "2020",
month = aug,
day = "20",
doi = "10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00504",
language = "English",
volume = "34",
pages = "9252--9261",
journal = "Energy and Fuels",
issn = "0887-0624",
publisher = "AMER CHEMICAL SOC",
number = "8",
}