TY - JOUR
T1 - Evidence that the impact of childhood trauma on IQ is substantial in controls, moderate in siblings, and absent in patients with psychotic disorder
AU - GROUP Investigators
AU - van Os, Jim
AU - Marsman, Anne
AU - van Dam, Daniela
AU - Simons, Claudia J. P.
AU - Alizadeh, Berhooz Z.
AU - Bartels-Velthuis, Agna A.
AU - van Beveren, Nico J.
AU - Bruggeman, Richard
AU - Cahn, Wiepke
AU - de Haan, Lieuwe
AU - Delespaul, Philippe
AU - Meijer, Carin J.
AU - Myin-Germeys, Inez
AU - Kahn, Rene S.
AU - Schirmbeck, Frederike
AU - van Haren, Neeltje E.
AU - van Winkel, Ruud
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.
PY - 2017/3/1
Y1 - 2017/3/1
N2 - Research suggests that childhood trauma is associated with cognitive alterations, but it is not known whether the cognitive alterations observed in patients with psychotic disorder, and their relatives, is trauma-related. Patients with a schizophrenia-spectrum diagnosis (n = 1119), siblings of patients (n = 1059) and healthy comparison subjects (HCS; n = 586) were interviewed 3 times over a period of 6 years. Repeated measures of IQ were analyzed as a function of childhood trauma and group, controlling for confounders. There were significant differences in the impact of childhood trauma on IQ across the 3 groups. Exposure in HCS was associated with a nearly 5-point reduction in IQ (−4.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −7.98 to −1.73, P = .002), a lesser reduction in siblings (−2.58; 95% CI: −4.69 to −0.46, P = .017) and no significant reduction in patients (−0.84; 95% CI: −2.78 to 1.10, P = .398). One-fourth of the sibling-control difference in IQ was reducible to childhood trauma, whereas for patients this was only 5%. Over the 6-year follow-up, those with trauma exposure showed significantly less learning effects with repeated cognitive assessments (b = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.80-1.92, P<.001)thanthenonexposed(b=2.31,95%CI:1.92-2.71, P < .001; P interaction = .001). Although childhood trauma impacts cognitive ability and learning in non-ill people at low and high genetic risk, its effect on the observed cognitive alterations in psychotic disorder may be minor. Twin and family studies on cognitive alterations in psychotic disorder need to take into account the differential impact of trauma on cognition across ill and non-ill, at risk groups.
AB - Research suggests that childhood trauma is associated with cognitive alterations, but it is not known whether the cognitive alterations observed in patients with psychotic disorder, and their relatives, is trauma-related. Patients with a schizophrenia-spectrum diagnosis (n = 1119), siblings of patients (n = 1059) and healthy comparison subjects (HCS; n = 586) were interviewed 3 times over a period of 6 years. Repeated measures of IQ were analyzed as a function of childhood trauma and group, controlling for confounders. There were significant differences in the impact of childhood trauma on IQ across the 3 groups. Exposure in HCS was associated with a nearly 5-point reduction in IQ (−4.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −7.98 to −1.73, P = .002), a lesser reduction in siblings (−2.58; 95% CI: −4.69 to −0.46, P = .017) and no significant reduction in patients (−0.84; 95% CI: −2.78 to 1.10, P = .398). One-fourth of the sibling-control difference in IQ was reducible to childhood trauma, whereas for patients this was only 5%. Over the 6-year follow-up, those with trauma exposure showed significantly less learning effects with repeated cognitive assessments (b = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.80-1.92, P<.001)thanthenonexposed(b=2.31,95%CI:1.92-2.71, P < .001; P interaction = .001). Although childhood trauma impacts cognitive ability and learning in non-ill people at low and high genetic risk, its effect on the observed cognitive alterations in psychotic disorder may be minor. Twin and family studies on cognitive alterations in psychotic disorder need to take into account the differential impact of trauma on cognition across ill and non-ill, at risk groups.
KW - Cognition
KW - Genetics
KW - Psychosis
KW - Trauma
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85026320042&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/schbul/sbw177
DO - 10.1093/schbul/sbw177
M3 - Article
C2 - 28177077
AN - SCOPUS:85026320042
SN - 0586-7614
VL - 43
SP - 316
EP - 324
JO - Schizophrenia Bulletin
JF - Schizophrenia Bulletin
IS - 2
ER -