@article{e6ed9f592a734fb588623d50839d3633,
title = "3D-printed micrometer-scale wireless magnetic cilia with metachronal programmability",
abstract = "Biological cilia play essential roles in self-propulsion, food capture, and cell transportation by performing coordinated metachronal motions. Experimental studies to emulate the biological cilia metachronal coordination are challenging at the micrometer length scale because of current limitations in fabrication methods and materials. We report on the creation of wirelessly actuated magnetic artificial cilia with biocompatibility and metachronal programmability at the micrometer length scale. Each cilium is fabricated by direct laser printing a silk fibroin hydrogel beam affixed to a hard magnetic FePt Janus microparticle. The 3D-printed cilia show stable actuation performance, high temperature resistance, and high mechanical endurance. Programmable metachronal coordination can be achieved by programming the orientation of the identically magnetized FePt Janus microparticles, which enables the generation of versatile microfluidic patterns. Our platform offers an unprecedented solution to create bioinspired microcilia for programmable microfluidic systems, biomedical engineering, and biocompatible implants.",
author = "Shuaizhong Zhang and Xinghao Hu and Meng Li and Ugur Bozuyuk and Rongjing Zhang and Eylul Suadiye and Jie Han and Fan Wang and Patrick Onck and Metin Sitti",
note = "Funding Information: S.Z., X.H., and M.L. were funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. J.H. and F.W. were financially supported by the China Scholarship Council under the grant number of 202006280382 and 202104910060, respectively. This work was funded by the Max Planck Society and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. M.S. was also funded by European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant SoMMoR project with grant no. 834531. Funding Information: Acknowledgments:W ethankA.AghakhaniforprovidingthePythoncodefortrackingthe tracerparticles,A.ShivaandN.Krishna-SubbaiahforhelpingwithNanoscribe3Dprinting,and A.ShivaforhelpingwiththeVSMmeasurements.Funding:S.Z.,X.H.,andM.L.werefundedby theAlexandervonHumboldtFoundation.J.H.andF .W .werefinanciallysupportedbytheChina ScholarshipCouncilunderthegrantnumberof202006280382and202104910060, respectively. This work was funded by the Max Planck Society and the Fundamental Research FundsfortheCentralUniversities.M.S.wasalsofundedbyEuropeanResearchCouncil(ERC) AdvancedGrantSoMMoRprojectwithgrantno.834531.Authorcontributions:S.Z.,X.H.,and M.L. conceived and designed the research, performed all experiments, and wrote the manuscript.U.B.,E.S.,J.H.,andF .W .assistedwiththeexperimentalprocedures.R.Z.performed thenumericalsimulation,andP .O. supervisedsuchsimulationstudy.M.S.participatedinthe research conception, design, and discussions and supervised the whole study. All authors participatedinmanuscriptediting.Competinginterests:Theauthorsdeclarethattheyhav e nocompetinginterests.Dataandmaterialsavailability:Alldataneededtoevaluatethe conclusionsinthepaperarepresentinthepaperand/ortheSupplementaryMaterials. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved.",
year = "2023",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1126/sciadv.adf9462",
language = "English",
volume = "9",
journal = "Science Advances",
issn = "2375-2548",
publisher = "AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE",
number = "12",
}